Knowledge Handbook of Pneumonia Prevention and Control for New Coronavirus Infection (1)

Contents
Part I Pathogen Characteristics
1. What are coronaviruses?
2. What are the physical and chemical characteristics of the
coronavirus?
3. What are the coronaviruses that can infect people?
4. What is pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus?
5. What are the clinical manifestations of someone infected with
a novel coronavirus?
6. Is there a vaccine for a novel coronavirus?
7. How to define whether a person is in close contact with the
patients?
8. Why should close contacts be observed for 14 days?
9. If you are informed by the disease control department that
you are a close contact, what should you do?
10. Can the novel coronavirus infection be treated?
11. What are the basic coping strategies for severe cases of novel
coronavirus infection?Part II Epidemic Situation
14. What is the key to prevent and control the outbreak?
15. What is the most effective way to prevent and control the
outbreak at present?
16. What is the infection source of novel coronavirus?
17. Can novel coronaviruses be transmitted from person to
person?
18. By which ways will people be infected?
19. Will the novel coronavirus mutate?
20. Will the novel coronavirus infection be as fierce as SARS?
Part III Prevention and Control Knowledge
21. What are the main monitoring measures for pneumonia
caused by the novel coronavirus?
22. How to prevent the novel coronavirus infection?
23. What should be paid special attention to when coming into
contact with animals?
24. When there are fever, cough, and other symptoms, do you
have to go to the hospital?
Part I Pathogen Characteristics1. What are coronaviruses?
Coronavirus is a kind of virus widely existing in nature. It is the
largest known RNA virus in the genome and is named
coronavirus, as its form is similar to the crown under the electron
microscope. Coronavirus only infects vertebrates and is related
to many diseases of humans and animals. It can cause
respiratory tract, digestive tract, and nervous system diseases of
humans and animals.
2. What are the physical and chemical characteristics of the
coronavirus?
Coronavirus is sensitive to heat and can be effectively inactivated
by 56 ℃ for 30 minutes, ethyl ether, 75% ethanol,
chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, and chloroform.
3. What are the coronaviruses that can infect people?
So farI in addition to the new coronavirus, we have found six
kinds of coronaviruses such like HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43,
SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and MERS-CoV that caninfect humans. Four of them are common in the population, with
low pathogenicity, generally only causing mild respiratory
symptoms similar to the common cold. The other two are
well-known SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
coronaviruses and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)
coronaviruses.
4. What is the pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus?
Pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus was found in central
China`s Wuhan City, Hubei Province in December 2019. It has
been proved to be an acute respiratory infectious disease caused
by a new type of coronavirus. The new coronavirus is a new
strain of coronavirus that has not yet been previously found in
the human body. The World Health Organization named the
coronavirus 2019-nCov, namely a new coronavirus.
5. What are the clinical manifestations of someone infected with
a novel coronavirus?Fever, weakness and dry cough are the main manifestations.
Nasal obstruction, runny nose and other upper respiratory
symptoms are rare. About half of the patients develop dyspnea
after one week, and the severe cases develop rapidly into ARDS
(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), septic shock,
difficult-to-tackle metabolic acidosis and bleeding and
coagulation dysfunction. It should be noted that the course of
severe and critical patients can be moderate to low fever or even
no obvious fever. Some patients have mild onset symptoms.
These patients may have no fever and recover after 1 week. Most
patients have a good prognosis, while a few patients are in
critical condition or even death.
6. Is there a vaccine for a novel coronavirus?
There is no vaccine available for the new disease. It may take a
long time to develop a new vaccine for it.
7. How to define whether a person is in close contact with the
patient?
Close contacts refer to people who live, study, work or haveclose contact with the case; medical staff, family members or
other people who have similar close contact with the case
without taking effective precautions when diagnosing, treating,
nursing or visiting the case; other patients and caregivers in the
same ward with the case; people who take the same vehicle with
the case and have close contact with the case; and people who
are evaluated as the qualified by the field investigators.
8.Why should close contacts be observed for 14 days?
Referring to the incubation period of other diseases caused by
coronaviruses, the new coronavirus case-related information,
and current prevention and control practice, the medical
observation period of close contacts was set as 14 days, and the
close contacts should be observed at home.
9.If you are informed by the disease control department that you
are a close contact, what should you do?
You can carry out home medical observation as required. Don't
be panic. Don't go out casually, and do a good job of observing
your physical condition. Receive regular follow-up visits from
doctors. In case of abnormal clinical manifestations such as fever
and cough, report to local disease prevention and controlinstitutions in time, and under their guidance, go to designated
medical institutions for troubleshooting, diagnosis, and
treatment, etc.
10. Can the novel coronavirus infection be treated?
The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a clinical
guideline for severe acute respiratory tract infection caused by
suspected novel coronavirus infection. At present, there is no
specific treatment for the disease caused by 2019-nCoV. But
using the diagnosis and treatment launched by the National
Health Commission, using some antiviral drugs to treat patients
may have a certain effect. In addition, combined with the
experience and lessons of SARS treatment, we can know that we
could give play to the unique advantages of China's medical
system by using the combination of traditional Chinese and
Western medicine which may have important value. In addition,
supplementary care for infected people may be very effective.
11. What are the basic coping strategies for severe cases of novel
coronavirus infection?
Set up pre-examination triage, so that the patients with severe
acute respiratory infection (SARI) can be identified and classified;immediately implement the correct infection prevention and
control measures (IPC); early support treatment and monitoring;
collect clinical specimens for laboratory diagnosis; deal with
hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS); management of septic shock; prevention of
complications; antiviral treatment; special precautions for
pregnant patients.